Function of Kidney and its Disorder | Study notes

Kidney:

Kidney which is the excretory organ system in our body. It is pair and bean like shaped located in the dorsal side and abdominal cavity. It is about 10 cm long, 5 cm width and 2 cm thickness. It performs many specific function in our body. It performs homeostasis functions as well as osmoregulation discuss as below:

Kidney

Function of Kidney:

Kidney performs many regulatory functions in our body. The main function of the kidney is to filtrate and remove waste from our body. Kidney taken the toxic substance from the impure blood which is enter into our body by the nutrients and filtrate it to the pure blood and supplies to body and remove harmful substance from the body.

3d Kidney

The blood which is flows the kidney to filtrate is about 1100 to 2000 liters each day. And the nephron filtrate the blood about 180 liters and excrete about 1-2 liter of urine (toxic substance).

Function of kidney is perform by the processes of:

• Ultra Filtration
• Re-absorption
• Tubular secretion
• Counter current exchange

Ultra filtration

bilaterally symmetrical kidney

Kidney function process

It is the first selective level of filtrating the blood. This process is done by containing the mapighian body (contain glomerulus and bowman's capsule) in the nephron. When the comes into the nephron, it first into the malpighian body by the renal arteries. Blood flows with high pressure this is due to the efferent arterioles are much lesser than the afferent arterioles  and producing hydro-static pressure hence blood enter into the glomerulus (network like structure of capillaries), it will filtrate and permits all the molecules except the blood cell (RBCs and WBCs), protein and platelets. The molecules are enter into the next section of the mapighian body which is proximal convoluted tubule.

Re-absorption

The second stage or level of function is re-absorption take place in the proximal convoluted tubule. Here the substance that enter from the glomerulus are reabsorbed. The re-absorption is about 80% and the substance that are reabsorbed are vitamins, glucose, water molecules, salt and amino acid. These substance returned to the blood circulation by the small arterioles that around to the nephrons.

           The re-absorption of water occur into the loop of henle that connect with the end of the proximal convoluted tubule. The U shape loop of henle has descending and ascending limb. Water re-absorption into the descending limb whereas the the sodium 'Na' and chloride 'Cl' reabsorbed into the ascending limb. 

           At the end of the loop of henle a coiled shaped distal convoluted tubule present. Here is salt and some other substance that missed by the other re-absorb process are reabsorbed. The distal convoluted tubule opens into the collecting duct where the fluid or waste material is discharged out from the nephron and fluid enters into the pyramids which collect the urine and works as the vacuum. Pyramids open into the pelvis, pelvis has a long tubule called ureter and ureter tubules enters into the urinary bladder where the urine empties out from the body by a urethra.

Tubular Secretion

At the third level of filtration both convoluted tubules, proximal and distal are secrete some special hormones that collect all the poisonous substance as well as nitrogenous substance i.e. ammonia, urea and uric acid from the blood directly into the filtrate by active transport.

Counter Current Exchange

The two limb of loop of henle process of descending and ascending is called the counter current exchange because there is a change occur into the re-absorption  function. The change is that when fluid of complex substance enters into the descending limb there is the re-absorption of water and when fluid enters into the ascending limb there the absorption of sodium and chloride. This change of absorption of two different molecules is called counter current exchange.

Kidney Disorder or Disease

The conception of disorder of kidney that why these disorder happened and what are the reasons? There are two main disorder of kidney and its reason of happening are discuss as below:

• Kidney Stone

• Kidney Failure

Kidney Stone:

Reason of Causing:

It is the main disease of kidney that occur in many people. And this disease happen due to the more quantity of calcium in the body. 
When we eat more calcium nutrition or our diet routine has to eating that thing which has more calcium present and calcium quantity more than, than our body requirement.
When the quantity of calcium is much more in the blood and that blood when supplies to the excretory system for filtrating then calcium in the nephron does not enters into the proximal tubule due to the malpighian body does not allowing it and calcium compound are in bigger size than the network of the capillaries of the glomerulus. This process done again and again and blood enters and leaves and filtrated but the calcium is collected there. When there are more calcium they form a stone like structure. And after some time when stone is being bigger in the side of the glomerulus body then this stone damage the network of the capillaries and enters into the nephron inner parts and continuously disturbing the other whole process of urine. And after all causing disease. 

Treatment 

When you felt the pain in the kidney continuously and felt that urine is not come at its time or taking more than time and also felt some other pain in the body because blood flows in our body. Quick go to the doctor and check out your treatment. Never take out time to wait and thought that it was gone automatically. Eating healthy and less calcium food and also pure food eat.

     Doctors doing a little treatment of operation of discharged out these stones from your body. They cut out your skin at the place of the kidney and also doing operating of kidney and removing these stones. This is very criticize condition due to the million microscopic nephron.

Avoid:

Do not taken tomato, milk, cheese, soya bean, cabbage, nuts, egg, orange and yogurt etc in your diet.